There are two different types of peptic ulcers. They are: Gastric ulcers, which form in the lining of the stomach. Duodenal ulcers, which form in the upper small intestine.                 Stomach Ulcer Types, Symptoms, and Causes

Why the Most Popular Way of Treating Ulcers Is Flawed

Several years ago, the H. pylori bacterium was claimed to be the primary cause of stomach ulcers. Consequently, total elimination of H. pylori from the body through the use of antibiotics has become the conventional medical treatment of choice for ulcers in the stomach and small intestine.

Eliminating H. pylori often does let ulcers heal, but researchers (and patients) are discovering that people who have completely killed off H. pylori colonies subsequently develop gastroesophageal reflux.

Research from McGill University indicates that H. pylori in the digestive tract helps protect against acid erosion of the esophagus and small intestine. When 87 patients with ulcers were given antibiotics and followed for a year, 21 percent of them developed inflammation of the esophagus, and 37 percent showed evidence of gastroesophageal reflux (compared with only 8 percent in the non-antibiotic group).

This conventional medical ulcer treatment of selectively wiping out the H. pylori strain of bacteria with antibiotics ultimately disrupts the balance of bacteria in the gut and leads to other digestive problems. A more reasonable solution is to restore gut health by improving bacterial balance and using natural, alternative therapies for treating ulcers.  

Treating Stomach Ulcers

Treatment will vary depending on the cause of your ulcer. Most ulcers can be treated with a prescription from your doctor, but in rare cases, surgery may be required.

It’s important to promptly treat an ulcer. Talk to your doctor to discuss a treatment plan. If you have an actively bleeding ulcer, you’ll likely be hospitalized for intensive treatment with IV ulcer medications, and you may also require blood transfusion.

Nonsurgical Treatment

If your stomach ulcer is the result of H. pylori, you’ll need antibiotics. For mild to moderate stomach ulcers, your doctor will usually prescribe the following medications:

• H2 blockers: to prevent your stomach from making too much acid
• proton pump inhibitors: blocks the cells that produce acid
• over-the-counter antacids: to help neutralize stomach acid
• cytoprotective agents: to protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine, such as Pepto-Bismol

Symptoms of an ulcer may subside quickly with treatment. Even if your symptoms disappear, you should continue to take medicine prescribed by your doctor. This is especially important for H. pylori infections to ensure that all bacteria are destroyed. Doctors will also suggest that you avoid smoking, alcohol, and any medications or foods that can trigger symptoms.

Certain side effects associated with stomach ulcer treatment include:

• nausea
• dizziness
• headaches
• diarrhea

These side effects are temporary. Talk to your doctor about changing your medication if you experience extreme discomfort as a result of these side effects.

Surgical Treatment

In very rare cases, a complicated stomach ulcer will require surgery. These include ulcers that:

• continue to return
• don’t heal
• bleed
• tear the stomach or small intestine
• keep food from flowing out of the stomach into the small intestine

Surgery may include:

• removal of the entire ulcer
• taking tissue from another part of the intestines and sewing it over the ulcer site
• tying off a bleeding artery
• cutting off nerve supply to the stomach to reduce the production of stomach acid

Complications Associated with Stomach Ulcers

Seek treatment as soon as you believe that you might have a stomach ulcer. The longer an ulcer remains untreated, the more likely you are to develop complications. You should seek medical treatment if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• sudden, sharp pain that doesn’t stop
• black or bloody stools
• bloody vomitus
• vomit that looks like coffee grounds

These could be signs that the ulcer has eroded through the stomach, or broken a blood vessel. Scar tissue development is another possible complication. The tissue can prevent food from moving from the stomach into the small intestine. All of these scenarios require intensive therapy, usually in a hospital setting.

nt-family:”inherit”,”serif”;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in; padding:0in’>endoscopic biopsy: a piece of stomach tissue is removed so it can be analyzedStomach ulcers, also known as peptic or gastric ulcers, are open sores in the lining of the stomach. Because of the amount of acid present in the stomach, when ulcers occur, they are often extremely painful. The most common cause of stomach ulcers is the bacteria helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori. Ulcers may also be caused by overuse of painkillers, such as aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, such as ibuprofen or naproxen.

Stomach ulcers are often treated with antibiotics or medications to reduce, block, or neutralize stomach acid. There are also natural home remedies you can use to help ease the symptoms of a stomach ulcer and help it heal.

Flavonoids

Research suggests that flavonoids, also known as bioflavonoids, may be an effective treatment for stomach ulcers. Flavonoids are compounds that occur naturally in many fruits and vegetables. Foods and drinks rich in flavonoids include:

• soybeans
• legumes
• red grapes
• kale
• broccoli
• apples
• berries
• teas (especially green tea)

However, some foods and drinks that contain flavonoids — such as citrus fruits and red wines — can irritate a stomach ulcer.

Flavonoids are referred to as “gastroprotective,” which means they defend the lining of the stomach and could allow ulcers to heal. According to theLinus Pauling Institute, there are no side effects of consuming flavonoids in the amount found in a typical diet, but higher amounts of flavonoids may interfere with blood clotting. You can get flavonoids in your diet or take them as supplements.

Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice

Don’t let that long first word give you a stomach ache — deglycyrrhizinated licorice is just plain old licorice with the sweet flavor extracted. One studyshowed that deglycyrrhizinated licorice might help ulcers heal by inhibiting the growth of H. pylori. Deglycyrrhizinated licorice is available as a supplement. You can’t get this effect from eating licorice candy, though. Too much licorice candy can be bad for some people. Consuming more than 2 ounces daily for more than two weeks can make existing heart problems or high blood pressure worse.

Probiotics

Probiotics are the living bacteria and yeast that help keep your digestive system moving. They are present in many common foods, particularly fermented foods. These include:

• buttermilk
• yogurt
• miso
• kimchi

You can also take probiotics in supplement form. Studies have shown that probiotics may be helpful in wiping out H. pylori and increasing recovery rate for patients with ulcers.

Honey

Honey is far from simply sweet. Depending on the plant it’s derived from, honey can contain up to 200 elements, including polyphenols and other antioxidants. Honey is a powerful antibacterial and has been shown to inhibit H. pylori growth. As long as you have normal blood sugar levels, you can enjoy honey as you would any sweetener, with the bonus of soothing your ulcers.

Garlic

Garlic extract has been shown to inhibit H. pylori growth in lab, animal, and human trials. If you don’t like the taste (and lingering aftertaste) of garlic, you can take garlic extract in supplemental form. Garlic acts as a blood thinner, so ask your doctor before taking it if you use warfarin or other prescription blood thinners.

Cranberry

Cranberry is known for its ability to fight urinary tract infections by preventing bacteria from settling on the walls of the bladder. Cranberry and cranberry extract also may help fight H. pylori. You can drink cranberry juice, eat cranberries, or take cranberry supplements.

Unfortunately, no specific amount of consumption is associated with relief. Too much cranberry in any form may cause stomach discomfort whether you have ulcers or not, so start with small amounts and increase gradually. In addition, many commercial cranberry juices are heavily sweetened with sugar and/or high fructose corn syrup, which can also cause stomach upset and add empty calories. Avoid those juices by buying juice sweetened only by other juices.

Mastic

Mastic is the sap of a tree grown in the Mediterranean. Studies of the effectiveness of mastic on ulcers are mixed, but at least one study shows that chewing mastic helps fight H. pylori. If your ulcers are not responding to other treatments, you might want to give mastic gum a try, since it doesn’t seem to be associated with any side effects. You can chew the gum or swallow mastic in supplement form.

Fruits, Vegetables, and Whole Grains

A diet centered on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is not just good for your overall health. According to the Mayo Clinic, a vitamin-rich diet can help your body heal your ulcer. Foods containing polyphenols, an antioxidant, can protect you from ulcers and help ulcers heal. Polyphenol-rich foods and seasonings include:

• dried rosemary
• Mexican oregano
• dark chocolate
• blueberries
• black olives

What to Avoid

Some foods can make ulcers worse, while some provide a preventive and healing effect. Greasy and acidic foods are most likely to irritate your stomach, as are spicy foods.

To reduce ulcer pain, avoid:

• coffee, including decaf
• carbonated beverages
• chilis and hot peppers
• processed foods
• salty red meats
• deep fried foods

Milk and Alcohol

Milk’s ability to coat the side of a glass may have you thinking that it also creates a protective barrier in your stomach. In fact, drinking milk may initially soothe your ulcer pain. But in the long run, milk is not good for ulcers. It seems to make things worse by causing your stomach to produce more acid.

If you’ve ever had a hangover, you know the effects that alcohol can have on your stomach. It also is directly associated with H. pylori infections, meaning it contributes to stomach ulcers and can make existing ones worse.

Excessive drinking is considered more than one drink a day for women, and more than two for men. If a couple of drinks after work is how you unwind, you might want to consider a healthier alternative.

Outlook

It can take some time, teamwork, and determination to find the right treatment for your ulcers, but don’t give up hope: Ulcers can be cured. In addition to a treatment plan agreed upon by you and your doctor, you can incorporate natural approaches that can give you some relief and accelerate healing. Adding plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables to your diet and reducing alcohol intake will almost certainly get you on the road to health.

How to treat mouth ulcers

Mouth ulcers don’t usually need to be treated, because they tend to clear up by themselves within a week or two.

However, treatment can help to reduce swelling and ease any discomfort. This may help if you keep getting mouth ulcers or your mouth ulcer affects eating and drinking.

Self care

Things you can do to speed up healing include:

• applying a protective paste recommended by your pharmacist
• using a soft toothbrush to brush your teeth
• using a toothpaste that doesn’t contain sodium lauryl sulphate, as this may be irritating 
• avoiding hard, spicy, salty, acidic or hot food and drink until the ulcer heals
• using a straw to drink cool drinks
• avoiding things that may be triggering your mouth ulcers – see causes, below

Pharmacy medicines

You can buy several types of mouth ulcer treatment from a pharmacy. Speak to your pharmacist about the best treatment for you. Options include the following:

• Antimicrobial mouthwash may speed up healing and prevent infection of the ulcer. Children under two shouldn’t use this treatment. It also contains chlorexidine gluconate, which may stain teeth – but this may fade once treatment is finished. 
• Painkillers are available as a mouthwash, lozenge, gel or spray. They can sting on first use and your mouth may feel numb – but this is temporary. Mouthwash can be diluted with water if stinging continues. Children under 12 shouldn’t use mouthwash or gel. Mouthwash shouldn’t be used for more than seven days in a row.
• Corticosteroid lozenges may reduce pain and speed up healing. These are best used as soon as the ulcer appears, but shouldn’t be used by children under 12.

Medicines from your dentist or GP

If necessary, you may be prescribed a course of stronger corticosteroids to help reduce pain and swelling, and speed up healing.

Corticosteroids are available on prescription as tablets, mouthwash, paste or spray, but are not suitable for children under 12.

Is it mouth cancer?

In a few cases, a long-lasting mouth ulcer can be a sign of mouth cancer. Ulcers caused by mouth cancer usually appear on or under the tongue, although you can get them in other areas of the mouth.

Risk factors for mouth cancer include:

• smoking or using products that contain tobacco
• drinking alcohol – smokers who are also heavy drinkers have a much higher risk compared to the population at large
• infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV) – the virus that causesgenital warts

It’s important to detect mouth cancer as early as possible. If mouth cancer is detected early, the chances of a complete recovery are good.Regular dental check-ups are the best way to detect the early signs.

What causes mouth ulcers?

In many cases, the reason for mouth ulcers is unclear. Most single mouth ulcers are caused by damage to the lining inside of the mouth. For example:

• accidentally biting the inside of your cheek or a sharp tooth
• poorly fitting dentures
• hard food
• a defective filling

It’s not always clear what causes mouth ulcers that keep returning, but triggers are thought to include:

• stress and anxiety 
• hormonal changes – some women develop mouth ulcers during their monthly period
• eating certain foods – such as chocolate, spicy foods, coffee, peanuts, almonds, strawberries, cheese, tomatoes and wheat flour
• toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulphate
• stopping smoking – when you first stop smoking, you may develop mouth ulcers

Your genes are also thought to have a role – around 40% of people who keep getting mouth ulcers report that it runs in their family.

Medical conditions

Mouth ulcers can sometimes be caused by certain medical conditions, such as:

• viral infections – including the cold sore virus, chickenpox, and hand, foot and mouth disease
• vitamin B12 or iron deficiency
• Crohn’s disease – a long-term condition that causes inflammation of the lining of the digestive system
• coeliac disease – a common digestive condition where a person has an adverse reaction to gluten
• reactive arthritis – a condition that causes inflammation in various places in the body, usually as a reaction to an infection
• weakened immune system – for example, due to HIV or lupus
• Behçet’s disease – a rare and poorly understood condition that also causes swelling of the blood vessels

Medications and treatments

Mouth ulcers can sometimes be caused by certain medications or treatments, such as:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – such as ibuprofen
• nicorandil – a medication sometimes used to treat angina
• beta-blockers – used to treat conditions such as angina, high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms
• a side effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy – this is known asmucositis

Can mouth ulcers be prevented?

It may not be possible to prevent mouth ulcers, because they’re often caused by things you can’t control (such as a family history or a medical condition).

However, the following may help to reduce your risk of developing mouth ulcers:

• avoiding certain foods – such as chocolate, spicy foods, coffee, peanuts, almonds, strawberries, cheese, tomatoes and wheat flour, if they cause you to have an ulcer
• not chewing gum
• brushing your teeth with a soft-bristled brush, which may reduce irritation in your mouth
• using toothpaste that doesn’t contain sodium lauryl sulphate
• reducing stress and anxiety – which may be a trigger for some people